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diagnosis differential nephrology hypokalemia management low treatment pharmacology table endocrinology high hypomagnesemia classification hypercalcemia hyponatremia medications metabolic alkalosis chloride drugs
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... diuretics, and ... thiazide-like diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... diuretic use),
Mechanisms of Loop Diuretic Action and Resistance. Panel A, loop diuretics circulate bound to protein. As
Diuretic Action ... Panel A, loop diuretics ... shown in Panel C, diuretics ... step can mediate diuretic ... #Pathophysiology
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Thiazides diuretics ... diuretics: • ... Piretanide Potassium ... Pharmacology #nephrology #conversion
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action 1) Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic
the Nephron - Diuretics ... Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic Diuretics ... mannitol) 3) Loop ... Diuretics (e.g. ... Nephrology #Nephron #Diuretics
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... #potassium
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Medications - Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... Classification #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... Fluids Shift potassium ... renal function) - Loop ... diuretic (often ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... Diuretics • Hypercalcemia-PTH ... syndrome • Thiazide Diuretics
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... #Causes #nephrology
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