87 results
Treatment of hyperkalemia via kaliuresis 
step 1 = volume resuscitation if hypovolemic
step 2 = consider fludrocortisone
step
Treatment of hyperkalemia ... #hyperkalemia ... #kaliuresis #management ... #diuresis #nephrology ... #algorithm
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
diarrhea / IBD Renal ... Medications - Loop ... abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Villous adenoma Renal ... anhydrase inhibitors, loop ... chewing tobacco, Renal ... syndrome (mimics loop
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure.

(A) Congestion with volume overload. 

(B) Treatment algorithm after
(B) Treatment algorithm ... Total loop diuretic ... following a single loop ... #CHF #Algorithm ... HeartFailure #Cardiology #Management
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Losses Non-renal ... vomiting) • Low ... • Discontinued diuretic
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia
 - Renal Failure → Dialysis with low Ca++ bath
Aggressive IV hydration
Renal Failure → ... Dialysis with low ... Volume Overload → Loop ... diuretic IV Bisphosphonate ... #management #endocrinology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... • Renal tubular ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Malabsorption RENAL ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... DiureticsHypercalcemia-PTH ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium #Low
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia
 • Aggressive IV hydration
 • IV Bisphosphonate +/- Calcitonin
 • Renal
Calcitonin • Renal ... : Dalysis with low ... Volume overload: Loop ... diuretic • Lymphoma ... #treatment #management