32 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
inhibitors - Primary ... Medications - Loop ... - Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... starts by measuring urinary ... Clinicians should also look ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency
 • Increased osmotic load (Increased
urine (usually low ... kidney disease, Loop ... phase of ATN, Hypercalcemia ... Increased intake (low ... /Inflammation: Urinary
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... secreting tumor, Primary ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Urinary Chloride ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... - Normal/low ... #causes #urinary
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... excretion: • Urinary ... renal function) - Loop ... diuretic (often ... #management #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... Losses - Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... R - Primary aldosteronism ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... Gitelman's syndrome #Hypokalemia
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... DiureticsHypercalcemia-PTH ... syndrome • Thiazide Diuretics ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium #Low
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
and Management ... Elimination (see Table ... acidosis) • Low ... (IV loop diuretic ... acetazolamide) - IV loop