31 results
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... (if preserved renal ... function) - Loop ... diuretic (often ... #management #potassium
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... algorithm Decreased ... renal potassium ... • Drugs • Diabetic ... #Diagnosis #algorithm
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... • Renal tubular ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... causes #nephrology #potassium
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
diarrhea / IBD Renal ... Medications - Loop ... abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... Low #Magnesium #Table
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Losses Non-renal ... • Discontinued diuretic ... nephrology #low #potassium
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Ureterosigmoidostomy, jejunal loop ... , ileal loop ... Renal acidosis ... Potassium-sparing ... diuretics (amiloride
ACEI Antihypertensive Dose Comparison. Consider divided (BID) regimen for better pre-dose (trough) BP control for the
Monitor BP, potassium ... , and renal function ... ACEIs #Dosing #Conversion ... #Hypertension #Management ... PrimaryCare #Comparison #Table
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
15 suggests ↓ renal ... Elimination (see Table ... (IV loop diuretic ... acetazolamide) - IV loop ... #Treatment #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Urinary Losses - Diuretics ... Mineralocorticoid excess - Renal ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification