102 results
Ethacrynic acid - Conversion
Only loop diuretic without a sulfonamide substituent.
Rarely used alternative in patients who have
Ethacrynic acid - Conversion ... Only loop diuretic ... Ethacrynic #acid #Conversion ... #pharmacology #indications ... #diuretics #loop
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Primary ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Effects • Thiazide Diuretics ... • Unregulated Conversion
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Hypomagnesemia - Differential ... with secondary, hypocalcemia ... Hypomagnesemia - Acquired: Medications ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia ... , Diuretic phase
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loses - Medications ... - Loop and ... thiazide diuretics ... abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Injury (AKI) - Differential ... Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia ... Protein) • AIN: Medication ... Kidney #Injury #Differential ... nephrology #causes #algorithm
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
(steatorrhea) Renal ... disease Drugs: - Loop ... Hyperparathyroidism - Hypercalcemic ... Causes #diagnosis #differential ... #medications #drugs
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Hypomagnesemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Malabsorption RENAL ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... DiureticsHypercalcemia-PTH
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Villous adenoma Renal ... anhydrase inhibitors, loop ... chewing tobacco, Renal ... syndrome (mimics loop ... Hypokalemia #Causes #differential
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... acidosis - Renal ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... Cyclosporine • Diuretics
Pharmacologic Options for Hypercalcemia Associated with Cancer
Rehydration with NS followed by loop diuretics
 • IV normal
NS followed by loop ... diuretics • IV ... Enhances GFR and renal ... resorption in the renal ... Inhibits vitamin D conversion