71 results
Ethacrynic acid - Conversion
Only loop diuretic without a sulfonamide substituent.
Rarely used alternative in patients who have
Ethacrynic acid - Conversion ... Only loop diuretic ... Ethacrynic #acid #Conversion ... #pharmacology #indications ... #diuretics #loop
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loses - Medications ... - Loop and ... thiazide diuretics ... abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
with secondary, hypocalcemia ... Hypomagnesemia - Acquired: Medications ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia ... , Diuretic phase ... nephrology #magnesium #low
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Effects • Thiazide Diuretics ... • Unregulated Conversion ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Malabsorption RENAL ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... DiureticsHypercalcemia-PTH ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium #Low
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia
 - Renal Failure → Dialysis with low Ca++ bath
Aggressive IV hydration
Treatment algorithm ... Renal Failure → ... Dialysis with low ... Volume Overload → Loop ... diuretic IV Bisphosphonate
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
(steatorrhea) Renal ... Tubulointerstitial renal ... disease Drugs: - Loop ... Hyperparathyroidism - Hypercalcemic ... #differential #medications
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia
 • Aggressive IV hydration
 • IV Bisphosphonate +/- Calcitonin
 • Renal
Treatment algorithm ... Calcitonin • Renal ... : Dalysis with low ... Volume overload: Loop ... diuretic • Lymphoma
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... Renal Losses ... Non-renal losses ... vomiting) • Low ... • Discontinued diuretic
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia ... Compartment Syndrome, Medications ... Protein) • AIN: Medication ... Neurogenic Bladder (Medication ... nephrology #causes #algorithm