67 results
diagnosis differential causes nephrology management hyperkalemia treatment hypokalemia alkalosis low high hypomagnesemia pharmacology medications table workup chloride classification endocrinology magnesium
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... (if preserved renal ... function) - Loop ... diuretic (often ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Extra-renal Losses ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... algorithm Decreased ... renal potassium ... • Drugs • Diabetic ... #Diagnosis #algorithm
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Adenoma • Hyperplasia • MEN 1 and 2A Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Effects • Thiazide Diuretics ... • Unregulated Conversion ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... , ileal loop ... Hyperkalemia ... Potassium-sparing ... diuretics (amiloride
Causes of Hypomagnesemia Redistribution: - IV glucose - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis - IV hyperalimentation - Refeeding
(steatorrhea) Renal ... - Potassium depletion ... Tubulointerstitial renal ... disease Drugs: - Loop ... Hyperparathyroidism - Hypercalcemic
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Metolazone Loop ... Piretanide Potassium ... Pharmacology #nephrology #conversion ... #loop #thiazide
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
steatorrhea) • Renal ... , Potassium depletion ... Tubulointerstitial renal ... disease • Drugs: Loop ... Hyperparathyroidism, Hypercalcemic
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
diarrhea / IBD Renal ... Medications - Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Familial renal
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