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diagnosis differential causes management hypokalemia potassium treatment metabolic alkalosis hypercalcemia hypomagnesemia workup hyponatremia magnesium renal sodium table chloride diuretics endocrinology
Treatment of hyperkalemia via kaliuresis step 1 = volume resuscitation if hypovolemic step 2 = consider fludrocortisone step
fludrocortisone step 3 = diuretic ... determine response to diuretic ... criticalcare #treatment #diuretics ... #diuresis #nephrology ... #algorithm
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Renal Losses: - Diuretics ... diuretics, and ... Postobstructive diuresis ... diuretic use), ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Medications - Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Thiazides diuretics ... diuretics: • ... #Pharmacology #nephrology ... #conversion #loop
Diuresis in Critical Care - Achieving a Negative Fluid Balance Advantages Of A Negative Fluid Balance: •
Diuresis in Critical ... • Start with LOOP ... DIURETICS which ... , address diuretic ... Early nephrologv
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
with hypokalemia ... Urine Cl - Loop ... diuretics, Thiazide ... diuretics, Mg2+ ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... Gitelman's syndrome #Hypokalemia ... #nephrology #causes
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency • Increased osmotic load (Increased
• Physiologic Diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... kidney disease, Loop ... Diuretics, Recovery ... phase of ATN, Hypercalcemia
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... +2Cl- Symport (Loop ... Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
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