32 results
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypodipsia - Renal ... hypernatremia - Osmotic diuretic ... , Loop diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
diuretics, and ... , Osmotic diuresis ... diuretic use), ... mimics thiazide diuretic ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Medications - Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... #Classification
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... failure Hypervolemia ... #Causes #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... +2Cl- Symport (Loop ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... • Renal tubular ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... potassium #low #nephrology
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
foscarnet - Diuretics ... Furosemide and other loop ... diuretics ... antiretroviral therapy - Diuretics ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... hyponatremia - Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia
Acute Hyperkalemia:
 - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Algorithm for Management ... sodium bicarbonate, Diuretics ... ) - Effective diuretic ... therapy (loop diuretics ... Chronic #treatment #nephrology