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diagnosis differential nephrology causes management treatment hypokalemia low endocrinology hypercalcemia medications pharmacology high hypomagnesemia metabolic alkalosis diuresis diuretics drugs kdigo
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure. (A) Congestion with volume overload. (B) Treatment algorithm after
use in acute heart ... (B) Treatment algorithm ... Total loop diuretic ... following a single loop ... #CHF #Algorithm
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... Fluids Shift potassium ... renal function) - Loop ... diuretic (often ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... algorithm Decreased ... excretion • Acute ... • Drugs • Diabetic ... #Diagnosis #algorithm
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... anhydrase inhibitors, loop ... syndrome (mimics loop ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... or induced) #Hypokalemia
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... causes #nephrology #potassium
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Metolazone Loop ... Piretanide Potassium ... Pharmacology #nephrology #conversion ... #loop #thiazide
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Renal failure (acute ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, jejunal loop ... , ileal loop ... Potassium-sparing ... diuretics (amiloride
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Discontinued diuretic ... MatthewHoMD #Hypokalemia ... nephrology #low #potassium
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia Acute Hyperkalemia: - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Algorithm for Management ... of Acute and Chronic ... Hyperkalemia Acute ... therapy (loop diuretics ... #Algorithm #Management
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