13 results
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Artery Disease • Stable ... Metabolic Acidosis #Chronic ... #Causes
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Chronic Hypertensive ... • Acute and chronic ... inner retina and flame ... Papilledema #Chronic ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... metabolic acidosis: Chronic ... D-lactic acidosis, Chronic ... #causes #urinary
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
GI losses - Chronic ... Medications - Loop ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
organic acids and bases ... limb of Henle's loop ... limb of Henle's loop ... Segments #Function #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... Self-limiting, chronic ... but stable or chronic ... Progression to chronic ... cardiac arrest Chronic
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
+2Cl- Symport (Loop ... Kidney stones caused ... cirrhosis, and chronic ... liver cirrhosis, chronic ... #Medications #Table
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... per day until stable ... Loop diuretics for ... Management #Summary #causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... metabolic acidosis • Chronic ... the indicated causes ... Chloride #urine #Algorithm
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
• Most common cause ... pneumonia • Chronic ... Lung Abscess Pathophysiology ... shows a small, stable ... #differential #causes