39 results
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... High Al, High R - Secondary ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... hyperaldosteronism, Secondary ... #Hypokalemia #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... suggests either secondary ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... Hyperaldosteronism • Secondary ... #causes #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
and Gitelman syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia with secondary ... renal transplant, Diuretic ... #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Tubulointerstitial renal disease ... states, Primary or secondary ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic ... Dyspnea - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Stable Angina ... Acute Coronary Syndrome
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology