14 results
Phosphate Binders - Pros and Cons

Calcium carbonate (TumsTM) 
 - Most inexpensive, antacid properties useful for
see above), no metabolic ... Low pill burden. ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Table #Comparison ... #Pharmacology #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... intake • Metabolic ... Renal Losses: • Metabolic ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... Algorithm UOsm ... EABV) - Consider: Hypovolemia ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #causes #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypovolemia, UNa ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Secondary / Provoked Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Febrile
Infection
 • Sepsis
 • Encephalitis
 • Meningitis
Metabolic
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Meningitis Metabolic ... Hyperglycemia • Hypocalcemia ... • Hyponatremia ... Provoked #Seizures #Neurology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Neurocysticercosis, PML • Metabolic ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Hypomagnesemia, Hypocalcemia ... #Causes #neurology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... consumption • Low ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Characteristics of Commonly Used Phosphate Binders 
Aluminum 
 - Potent and effective 
 - Useful for
Used Phosphate Binders ... Inexpensive - Treats hypocalcemia ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Table #Comparison ... #Pharmacology #Nephrology