58 results
Graves’ Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
B & T lymphocyte mediated autoimmunity attack TSH receptor -> Continuous
Findings B & T lymphocyte ... the etiology Signs ... GravesDisease #pathophysiology ... endocrinology #symptoms #signs ... #diagnosis
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
Primary Sjogren’ ... erythematosus (SLE) Signs ... Symptoms: - Lymphocyte ... Sjogrens #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Petechiae/Purpura - Diagnostic Algorithm. Pathophysiology: 1) Represent the passage of erythrocytes from the intravascular to extravascular
Petechiae/Purpura - Diagnostic ... Pathophysiology: ... trauma, infection, vasculitis ... or disorders of primary ... pulmonary #Diagnosis
Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis: Pathogenesis and investigations
Risk Factors:
 - Unclear environmental triggers (may be viral, not
yrs old; F>M Signs ... palpation - Vasculitic ... Temporal #Arteritis #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Extra-articular manifestations
Skin: 
 • Inflammation of skin (esp. over areas of stress) forms
blood vessels (vasculitis ... • Lymphocytic infiltration ... RheumatoidArthritis #RA #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis #ExtraArticular
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Gastrointestinal Manifestations
 - Thrombosis of vessels in the pancreas, Vasculitis -> Acute Pancreatitis
the pancreas, Vasculitis ... Complications #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... urine microscopy / urinary ... clinical context and signs ... Glomerulonephritis / Vasculits ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary ... Comparison: • Primary ... Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Dermatomyositis (DM) and Polymyositis (PM): Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Elevated Antinuclear Antibodies: Anti-Jo-1, Anti-OJ, Anti-Mi2, Anti-SRP, Anti-EJ,
diffuse CD8+ T lymphocytes ... Polymyositis #PM #Diagnosis ... #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Vasculitis
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
purpura: Strong sign ... with GCA or as primary ... affects the skin, neurologic ... Rash, arthritis Primary ... elevated protein, lymphocytic