32 results
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Investigations: full blood ... differential, urine ... dipstick, urine ... screen, including blood ... culture, urine
Diagnostic Criteria for Scleroderma Renal Crisis 

1. New onset blood pressure >150/85 mm Hg OR increase
New onset blood ... usual systolic blood ... Microscopic hematuria on urine ... dipstick and/or red blood ... cells on urine
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria: Red/Dark urine ... • 1ml blood/liter ... urine can induce ... examination of urine ... #urine #blood
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinalysis & Urine ... • Blood (hemoglobin ... • Red blood cells ... casts: • White blood ... used with normal renal
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
WBCs, or urine ... → Urine culture ... Nephrology for renal ... Workup #urology #blood ... #urine
Hematuria in Post-Renal Transplant Patient
Prevalence up to 12% in the postrenal transplant patient
 • Bacterial: Escherichia
Hematuria in Post-Renal ... infections (HPV, EBV), Renal ... #Hematuria #Renal ... diagnosis #kidney #blood ... #urine #management
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... • Diarrhea A urine ... losses: • High Blood ... • Low/Normal Blood
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... disease Red blood ... Glomerulonephritis White blood ... tubulointerstitial nephritis, renal
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
Pulmonary Renal ... pulmonary and renal ... Anti-GBM antibody • Urine ... : UA, Urine protein ... reveals increasing blood
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Can give with blood ... - Citrate in blood ... filtration - Renal ... blood flow and ... Decreased GFR, urine