38 results
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Duct Stone • Biliary ... • Others #LFTs ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Reticulocytes, MCV, MCH ... , MCHC, Serum Iron ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Hematology
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • US - Normal Bile ... - CBD stone, Biliary ... Burak @kwburak #LFTs ... Transaminitis #Algorithm
Liver Function Test (LFTs) Elevation
AST - Cardiac and skeletal muscle, kidney, brain
ALT - More specific for
Function Test (LFTs ... the liver ALP - Biliary ... tree or bile flow ... #FunctionTest #LFTs
Classification of Jaundice
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin)
 • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
genes coding for bile ... cholestasis, and some cases ... miscellaneous causes ... external pressure on bile ... #differential #causes
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Intestine - Other causes ... Drugs - Primary biliary ... PSC - Other biliary ... diseases/Bile duct
Several artifacts can cause significant and potentially misleading alterations to measured RBC parameters: 
1. Old samples
and decreasing MCHC ... a falsely high MCHC ... a falsely high MCHC ... to decrease and MCHC ... Echinocytes #BurrCells #Bite
Jaundice - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pre-Hepatic - Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Increased Production
 • Hemolysis
 • Ineffective Erythropoiesis
 • Hematoma
Decreased
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... on Ultrasound Biliary ... Gallstones • Biliary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Hepatology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... of intralobular bile ... ducts causes cholestasis ... No extrahepatic biliary ... malignancy #Primary #Biliary
Chest Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiovascular Causes:
 - Outflow Obstruction
     • Aortic
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cardiovascular Causes ... Disease • Biliary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes