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diagnosis differential hypokalemia causes low table diuresis diuretics epilepticus excretion hypotonic management neurology pediatrics peds pharmacology physiologic seizure sodium status
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... algorithm Decreased ... renal potassium ... Normal, Renin High ... #nephrology #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
phlebotomy High ... • Recent IV potassium ... Medications 2. ... diagnosis #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
phlebotomy High ... • Recent IV potassium ... Medications 2. ... diagnosis #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... treated with IV potassium ... suggests extra-renal ... urinary losses: • High ... #nephrology #low
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... diuresis can be high ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... with poor renal ... table #sodium #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... • Hypercalcemia ... Inhibitors of Na+CI ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #Medications
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... urine Na/Cl < 0.7, high ... correcting serum potassium ... Other medications ... #nephrology
Management of Convulsive Status Epilepticus in children Stabilization Phase (Seizure 0-5 minutes): • Check and maintain ABC
• Give high flow ... Consider CBC, renal ... Alternative medications ... seizure #Management #neurology ... pediatrics #peds #algorithm
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