185 results
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Normotensive: • UCl ... Post-hypercapnia • UCl ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Algorithm #nephrology #causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... Algorithm #Nephrology #Causes
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
- Na-K-2Cl cotransporter ... , K channel, Cl ... barrtin (recruits Cl ... Thiazide-sensitive Na—Cl ... Nephrology #Diagnosis #Differential
Hyperviscosity Syndrome - Causes and Treatment

 - Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (most common) / Plasmapheresis 
 - Multiple
Hyperviscosity Syndrome ... - Causes and Treatment ... transformation (CML ... hyperleukocytosis (AML ... #Causes #Differential
Positive Lachman test in ACL Injury

Here is an exam of a patient under anesthesia with an
Lachman test in ACL ... anesthesia with an ACL ... That causes the ... Lachmans #test #ACL ... Positive #ACLTear #clinical
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
Multiple myeloma, CML ... , AML - Large ... rare): - Reye syndrome ... deficiency #Ammonia #Pathophysiology ... Hyperammonemia #Differential
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE ... • Exogenous (KCL ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... Myeloid Leukemia (CML ... drugs • ACE ... Hyperuricemia #Differential ... endocrinology #causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... - Refeeding Syndrome ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential