11 results
diagnosis algorithm hypokalemia syndrome causes hyperkalemia pathophysiology urine alkalosis chloride diuresis diuretics druginduced encephalopathy excretion k low metabolic neurology posterior
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Normotensive: • UCl ... Post-hypercapnia • UCl ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE ... • Exogenous (KCL ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... pathophysiology #pharmacology ... #potassium #medications
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
• Low Urine Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #differential # ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Management Treatment includes - Electrolyte replacement - K & Mg, preferably Cl salts
Gitelman Syndrome ... - Management Treatment ... Mg, preferably Cl ... #Syndrome #Management ... #Treatment #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Chloride Algorithm Cl ... Kidney loss of Cl ... alkalosis • Loss of Cl ... Cystic fibrosis Cl ... #differential #
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... Supplement: • Potassium ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Framework and Management ... urine output: 200 ml ... Monitor potassium ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... STOP offending medications ... Ca-gluconate or 1g CaCl ... #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... Inhibitors of Na+K+2Cl ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Pharmacology # ... Medications #Table
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
1.6, low urine Cl ... correcting serum potassium ... Other medications ... hypokalemia #diagnosis #differential ... #algorithm #nephrology
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