37 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Complications of CKD
 - Patients with stages 1-3 ([GFR] >30 mL/min) of CKD are generally asymptomatic;
1-3 ([GFR] >30 mL ... imbalances or endocrine/metabolic ... 4-5 (GFR < 30 mL ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #CKD
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Chloride Algorithm Cl ... Kidney loss of Cl ... alkalosis • Loss of Cl ... Cystic fibrosis Cl ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypertensive: • High Al ... Normotensive: • UCl ... Post-hypercapnia • UCl ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... lysis syndrome • Metabolic ... blockers - MCW ... Nephrology @MCW_Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
(AG) = {Na - (Cl ... starvation, diabetic) Causes ... Acetazolamide Causes ... - Salicylates Causes ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology ... distal tubule. ↑ Nacl ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... Gitelman #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome
 • Increased renal interstitial pressure
 • Hypoperfusion
 • Reduced
release • ↓ Cl ... syndrome #Mechanisms #pathophysiology ... #nephrology
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
although hepatic causes ... and decreased metabolism ... Multiple myeloma, CML ... , AML - Large ... deficiency #Ammonia #Pathophysiology