15 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Differential ... intake, Diuretics ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... and metabolic alkalosis ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... use), Gitelman's ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Differential ... intake, Diuretics ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
diuresis can be ... , Post-AKI diuresis ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #differential # ... table #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
- Differential ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... especially thiazide diuretics ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... #Nephrology #Differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
with thiazide diuretic ... Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Surreptitious diuretic ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
- Differential ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... especially thiazide diuretics ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
- Loop diuretics ... , Thiazide diuretics ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... urine #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology