21 results
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... Ferritin <100 ng/mL ... functional ID) Treatment ... alissa_shega #iron #deficiency
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
syndrome - Na-K-2Cl ... barrtin (recruits Cl ... or aquaporin-2 deficiency ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
Short Stature - Differential ... Disease • GH Deficiency ... • IGF-I Deficiency ... Panhypopituitarism Treatment ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Iron Deficiency in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure is a common comorbidity
Iron Deficiency ... (CHF) Iron deficiency ... Ferritin < 100 ng/mL ... depot iron] Treatment ... #pharmacology #pathophysiology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
• Low Urine Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... diuretics, Mg2+ deficiency ... urine #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
Multiple myeloma, CML ... Primary carnitine deficiency ... #Ammonia #Pathophysiology ... Hyperammonemia #Differential
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Hypo-Mg2+ • Vitamin deficiency ... • Vitamin D deficiency ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... Syndrome #Nutrition #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Pathophysiology ... sIL-2R >2400 Ul/ml ... Cellular immune deficiency ... Unknown cause Treatment ... diagnosis #management #treatment
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
approach to the differential ... Treatment: Treatment ... in 100 mL boluses ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... #management #nephrology
Acromegaly - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook 

Clinical Presentation: 
 • Classic Acromegaly: frontal
malignancy Pathophysiology ... Differential Diagnosis ... levels to <1ng/mL ... Diagnosis #Management #Endocrinology ... #Treatment #Pathophysiology