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diagnosis differential management causes hypokalemia table low medications metabolic alkalosis high gitelman hypercalcemia hyponatremia syndrome comparison criticalcare endocrinology kdigo malignancy
Treatment of hyperkalemia via kaliuresis step 1 = volume resuscitation if hypovolemic step 2 = consider fludrocortisone step
Treatment of hyperkalemia ... fludrocortisone step 3 = diuretic ... determine response to diuretic ... #diuretics #diuresis ... #nephrology #algorithm
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron 1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) 2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol) 3) Loop
Diuretics sites ... Metolazone) 5) Potassium-sparing ... diuretics (e.g. ... #pharmacology # ... nephrology #medications
Summary of Diuretic Agents Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
Summary of Diuretic ... empagliflozin LOOP DIURETICS ... DIURETICS • Spironolactone ... Tolvaptan #Diuretics ... summary #table #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... thiazide-like diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... , Osmotic diuresis ... mimics thiazide diuretic
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Thiazides diuretics ... Piretanide Potassium ... sparing diuretics ... nephrology #conversion
Emergency management of severe hyperkalemia #hyperkalemia #management #algorithm #nephrology #Potassium #Treatment
management of severe hyperkalemia ... #hyperkalemia ... #management #algorithm ... #nephrology #Potassium ... #Treatment
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... Fluids Shift potassium ... function) - Loop diuretic ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia ... #nephrology
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia Acute Hyperkalemia: - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
sodium bicarbonate, Diuretics ... ) - Effective diuretic ... therapy (loop diuretics ... Acute #Chronic #treatment ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... Altitude sickness • Diuretic ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
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