17 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... Primary #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... aldosteronism #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
loop or thiazide diuretics ... use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... and potassium acid ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... Inhibitors of Na+K+2Cl ... Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Metabolic alkalosis ... RENAL LOSS: - Diuresis ... secretion • Acid-base ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
, glycyrrhizic acid ... Normotensive: • UCl ... Post-hypercapnia • UCl ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome
 • Increased renal interstitial pressure
 • Hypoperfusion
 • Reduced
in cardiorenal syndrome ... activities • Diuretic ... release • ↓ Cl ... #Mechanisms #pathophysiology ... #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... Glucose, Acute resp. alkalosis ... Inh., Osmotic diuresis ... Diagnosis #Framework #Workup ... #phosphate #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Cystinuria - Amino acid ... limb Gitelman syndrome ... tubule Liddle syndrome ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Differential #Table
Alexia Without Agraphia
Alexia without agraphia is a disconnection syndrome where patients cannot read but can write.
disconnection syndrome ... unable to read but able ... Pathophysiology: ... #clinical #neurology ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology