11 results
Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)
APS is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by recurring blood clots resulting from antibodies
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ... Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL ... Anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL ... to be present Treatment ... #management #anticoagulation
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... Inhibitors of Na+K+2Cl ... Torsemide) • Acute pulmonary ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
Incidence: common in APL ... Imaging: CXR- pulmonary ... Supportive Care: Diuresis ... APML #diagnosis #management ... #hematology #oncology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
• Triggers: Diuretics ... : - Neuro: AMS ... have fever - ACS ... organ damage • Treatment ... TLS #diagnosis #management
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Diagnosis and Management ... clear cause) Management ... Ca-gluconate or 1g CaCl ... #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Gitelman Syndrome - Management
Treatment includes
 - Electrolyte replacement - K & Mg, preferably Cl salts
- Management Treatment ... Mg, preferably Cl ... hypokalemia, K sparing diuretics ... #Management #Treatment ... #nephrology
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies

Neutropenic fever:
- Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
Summary of Oncologic ... fluids (200–300 mL ... Adjuncts: loop diuretics ... (~20 %) and APL ... renal failure, pulmonary
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
and Management ... Anti-GAD Ab (>1000u/ml ... Treatment: • ... #Management #treatment ... #neurology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Framework and Management ... urine output: 200 ml ... Loop diuretics for ... Differential #Diagnosis #Management ... #nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
edema visualized as ... epilepticus Treatment ... underlying cause • Treatment ... #diagnosis #management ... #neurology