141 results
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Pulmonary Renal ... Syndrome Definition ... (Pulmonary and renal ... resolution chest CT ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Pharmacological Treatment of Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Midodrine - Alpha agonist incr blood pressure incr renal perfusion pressure
Pharmacological Treatment ... of Hepatorenal Syndrome ... pressure incr renal ... #HepatoRenal #Syndrome ... #Medications #Treatment
Causes of Solid or Cystic Renal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Solid Renal Mass:
 • Benign <3
Solid or Cystic Renal ... Algorithm Solid Renal ... in size Cystic Renal ... on ultrasound/CT ... Cystic #RenalMass #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom ... potassium #low #nephrology
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Localization of Renal ... Defects Fanconi Syndrome ... tubule Bartter Syndrome ... Henle Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
urinary sediment, renal ... , HIV serology, ... renal biopsy • ... Abdominal compartment syndrome ... syndrome: troponin
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
→ Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... → CT urography and ... referral to Urology ... Algorithm #Workup #urology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
MRA; abdominal CT ... infusion Adrenal CT ... CT or MRI scan of ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... GI losses • Renal ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
BEE Syndromes - Immune-mediated conditions affecting the brain, eye, and ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in conjunction
BEE Syndromes - ... diagnosis and treatment ... causes: • Susac syndrome ... • Sjögren syndrome ... #neurology #inflammatory