13 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... either secondary or primary ... Hyperaldosteronism: malignant ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Hepatomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Malignant
 • Primary Carcinoma
 • Metastases
 • Lymphoma
 • Leukemia
 • Polycythemia
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Malignant • ... Multiple Myeloma Non-Malignant ... Biliary Cirrhosis ... #Causes #Hepatology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
pathology • Malignancy ... True hypovolemia ... heart failure • Cirrhosis ... suppression • Primary ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
pathology • Malignancy ... True hypovolemia ... heart failure • Cirrhosis ... suppression • Primary ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm ... EABV) - Consider: Hypovolemia ... Heart failure, Cirrhosis ... Vasopressin-independent - Consider: Primary ... #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... High Aldosterone: Malignant ... secreting tumor, Primary ... potassium #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... ↑ Aldosterone: Malignant ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... High Al, Low R - Primary ... Hyperaldosteronism: malignant ... #nephrology #causes
Causes of Ascites - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Portal Hypertension - Prehepatic:
 • Portal vein thrombosis
 • Splenic
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Hepatic: • Cirrhosis ... cholangitis • Primary ... Protein-rich: • Malignancy ... #Hepatology #causes
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Heart failure, Cirrhosis ... (UOsm < 100): Primary ... diagnosis #sodium #nephrology