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diagnosis nephrology differential algorithm classification hyperkalemia barre encephalopathy gitelman guillain hematology hepatology hypokalemia overview pharmacology rhabdomyolysis secondary shock summary table
Treatment of hyperkalemia via kaliuresis step 1 = volume resuscitation if hypovolemic step 2 = consider fludrocortisone step
fludrocortisone step 3 = diuretic ... determine response to diuretic ... #criticalcare # ... treatment #diuretics ... #diuresis #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... thiazide-like diuretics ... , Osmotic diuresis ... (mimics loop diuretic ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... irrigation • Management ... Symport (Loop Diuretics ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... after starvation, Acute ... Saline or osmotic diuresis ... • Drugs: Loop diuretics ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... Thiazide or loop diuretics ... after renal tubule diuretic ... Thiazide or loop diuretics
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia Acute Hyperkalemia: - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Algorithm for Management ... sodium bicarbonate, Diuretics ... ) - Effective diuretic ... therapy (loop diuretics ... #treatment #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
G-K), K-sparing diuretics ... improve GFR - Diuresis ... hypertonic Amp IVP • Diuretics ... (IV loop diuretic ... - IV loop diuretic
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
exercise or with diuretic ... are seen in acute ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Microscopy #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Management Principles Prerenal - Correct hemodynamic derangements: • If low preload →
Acute Kidney Injury ... (AKI) - Management ... high preload → Diuretics ... • Hepatorenal syndrome ... #management
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