22 results
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
Symptoms: Fatigue, Pruritus, Right upper quadrant discomfort
Signs: Jaundice, Xanthelasmata, Hepatomegaly
Associated history:
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ... disease (e.g. dryness ... Raynaud's phenomenon, arthritis ... disease, Persistent ... #hepatology
Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)
ANA or Anti-NucIear Antibody refers to antibodies against antigens in the nucleus → like
Positive ANA ≠ Autoimmune ... Thyroid, Autoimmune ... Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ... #rheumatology # ... diagnosis #differential
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ... Pathophysiology ... bile ducts Differential ... #diagnosis #workup ... #hepatology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
, Thalassemia, Iron ... elliptocytosis, Severe iron ... spherocytosis, Autoimmune ... #Morphology #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor
The maturation factor is
deficiencies: Iron ... Chronic kidney disease ... • Hemolysis: Autoimmune ... #anemia #differential ... #diagnosis #calculation
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV

Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS":
 • Thalassemia
Diagnosis Framework ... inflammation) • Iron ... - Extrinsic: Autoimmune ... Non-megaloblastic: Liver disease ... #Diagnosis #hematology
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
accompanies other autoimmune ... primary biliary cirrhosis ... (PBC), or with ... like rheumatoid arthritis ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... elliptocytosis, autoimmune ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #workup #hematology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Ischemia • Autoimmune ... • Cholestatic disease ... Bile Ducts • PSC ... Infiltrative • Cirrhosis
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Liver Injury - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Autoimmune: ... hepatitis: < 1 • Cirrhosis ... #hepatology