15 results
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Al, Normal R - ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... algorithm Decreased ... excretion • Acute ... , Renin High: ... #nephrology #potassium
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... Liddle syndrome Low-normal ... • Distal RTA Low-normal ... #urine #potassium ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... states such as acute ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... densa receives high ... • Saline May Cause
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... urinary losses: • High ... consumption • Low ... /Normal Blood Pressure ... #nephrology #low
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
intracellular calcium causes ... - Hyperkalemia ( ... high potassium levels ... (or low potassium ... levels stay within normal
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
Kidney Stones Acute ... • Can consider medical ... Surgical Rx: • ACUTE ... protein - Low ... sodium diet
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... /low blood pressure ... the indicated causes ... the excretion of sodium ... and potassium acid
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
remember than the normal ... volume-based algorithm ... diuresis can be high ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #nephrology