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nephrology differential algorithm hyperkalemia management potassium hematuria hyponatremia treatment urology workup acute aki blood high hypomagnesemia indications low microscopy rhabdomyolysis
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• White cell casts ... • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... disorders or excreted medications ... #nephrology #casts
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework Pre-Renal: • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
- Differential Diagnosis ... : • Hypovolemia ... Protein) • AIN: Medication ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #nephrology #causes
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... for renal biopsy ... if cause not identified ... uw_IMresidency #Hematuria #Diagnosis
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... → Diagnostic of ... #causes #urology ... #nephrology #renal
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial: Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Renal Causes of ... with secondary, hypocalcemia ... - Acquired: Medications ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... GI losses • Renal ... Hypo-osmolar urine
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... GI losses • Renal ... Hypo-osmolar urine
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
common culprits: Hypovolemia ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... are caused by prerenal ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
associated with hypokalemia ... hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia ... hypomagnesemia #Medications ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #Causes
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
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