16 results
Secondary causes of Hypertension
 • Medications, Drugs, Chemo: NSAIDS, Steroids, CNI, Alcohol, Cocaine, OCP, Licorice, MAOI,
NSAIDS, Steroids, CNI ... Pseudoephedrine • Primary ... Renovascular • Primary ... Hyperaldosternism (low ... • Other low renin
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Renin secreting tumor ... , Primary hyperaldosteronism ... causes #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... , NGT suction, Low ... Renin-secreting tumor ... #Primary #Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... hyperaldosteronism • Low ... , NGT suction, Low ... Renin-secreting tumor ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypertensive: • High Al, Low ... R - Primary aldosteronism ... Renin-secreting tumor ... • Low Al, Low ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Renin secreting tumor ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... consumption • Low ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
, Tumor genesis ... Normal or High PTH: Primary ... • Normal or Low ... - Normal or Low ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Appropriately Low ... Respiratory Alkalosis, Tumor ... Genesis Syndrome ... • N Vitamin D: Primary ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Orthostatic Tremor

Primary ‘Shaky legs’ syndrome. High frequency oscillograph legs on standing. Note the fluttering of
Tremor Primary ... ‘Shaky legs’ syndrome ... #Orthostatic #Tremor ... clinical #video #physicalexam ... #neurology
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
unilateral; • Slow ... Holmes-Adie Syndrome ... trauma/orbital tumor ... #Adies #Pupil #PhysicalExam ... #neurology #ophthalmology