94 results
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
Primary Sjogren’ ... erythematosus (SLE) Signs ... - Decreased tear ... Sjogrens #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Causes and Pathophysiology of Hypertension

#Causes #Pathophysiology #Hypertension #Primary #Essential #Secondary #Differential

** GrepMed Recommended Text: Guyton and
Causes and Pathophysiology ... Hypertension #Causes #Pathophysiology ... #Hypertension #Primary ... Essential #Secondary #Differential
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
injury -> Ligaments tear ... onto lateral hip Signs ... Inability to weight-bear ... msk #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Subjective Tinnitus: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Subjective Tinnitus - Perceived sound with no acoustic stimulus, heard only
structures in or near ... the ear, perceived ... Tinnitus #Causes #pathophysiology ... #differential #
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary ... Comparison: • Primary ... Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... endocrinology #PTH #Primary ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
Corticosteroid use • Primary ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... endocrinology #pathophysiology
Stages of Syphilis
Early Primary:
 • Painless chancre
 • Regional lymphadenopathy
Early Secondary:
 • Fever, malaise
 • Rash
Syphilis Early Primary ... • Within first year ... testing • >1 year ... Stages #symptoms #signs
Ear Pain (Otalgia) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Primary Otalgia 
 - Pain that originates from the ear
) - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework Primary ... infection and primary ... the tragus to differentiate ... Otolaryngology #differential
Woltman’s sign on Physical Exam - Hi-Res .mp4 version here: https://www.grepmed.com/images/13248

53-year-old man presented with fatigue and
Woltman’s sign on ... images/13248 53-year-old ... reflex — Woltman’s sign ... a diagnosis of primary ... Woltman’s sign,