16 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... acidosis • Diabetic ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... alkalosis • Familial ... irrigation • Management ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #Medications
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Renal losses, Diuretic ... alkalosis, Ketonuria ... , Osmotic diuresis ... : • Acute or chronic ... #Causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... • Discontinued diuretic ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Alkalosis: Differential ... Thiazide or loop diuretics ... after renal tubule diuretic ... Thiazide or loop diuretics ... #Alkalosis #Differential
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • K sparing diuretics ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... Medications 2. ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • K sparing diuretics ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... Medications 2. ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Alkalosis: Emesis ... , Diuretics, Bartter ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
Exercise - Metabolic ... hyperosmolality - Medications ... Decreased Urinary Excretion ... Aldosterone: K sparring diuretics ... #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Etiology: • Medications ... G-K), K-sparing diuretics ... STOP offending medications ... #Diagnosis #Management