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algorithm causes hypernatremia hypokalemia management alkalosis diuretics excretion gitelman hyperkalemia k medications metabolic pathophysiology physiologic renal syndrome treatment urinary urine
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Inadequate ... #nephrology #sodium ... #high
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
> 30): SIADH, Medications ... (diuretics), Hypothyroidism ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
: SIADH, Renal Sodium ... can be high or ... differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
water loss, Serum Sodium ... >145 mmol/L High ... 300 mmol/kg • Hypertonic ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... • Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... Algorithm #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... and potassium acid ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Elimination (see Table ... acidosis) • Low ... Use gtt, NOT hypertonic ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low ... urine Na/Cl < 0.7, high ... Other medications ... #differential # ... algorithm #nephrology
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