70 results
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
brain PRES Clinical ... PRES-Associated Clinical ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Reversible course Differential ... Electrolyte abnormality, Medication
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... - Differential ... Toxic: Alcohol, Medication ... Eclampsia, Prophyria #Seizures ... #Differential #
Altered Mental Status - Differential Diagnosis
 • Neurologic: Stroke, Cerebral hypoxia, Cerebral hemorrhage, Seizure, Trauma, TBI,
Mental Status - Differential ... Cerebral hemorrhage, Seizure ... Abscess • Toxic: Medications ... #Status #AMS #Differential
Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Reflex Syncope:
• Vasovagal: Prolonged standing, Stress, Pain
• Situational: Coughing, Sneezing, Micturition, Defecation,
Syncope - Differential ... Volume Depletion • Medication ... Syncope Mimics: • Seizure ... SCVMCMed #Syncope #Differential
Drug-Induced Seizures - OTIS-CAMPBELL

O - Organophosphate, oral hypoglycemics, opioid
T - TCA, theophylline
I - Isoniazid, Insulin
S -
Drug-Induced Seizures ... Drug #Induced #Seizures ... #Medication #Causes ... #Differential #
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
Shock - Differential ... depletion - Medication ... Syncope Mimics - Seizure ... Alcohol blackout - Medication ... #Syncope #Differential
Non-cirrhotic Hyperammonemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hematologic & Vascular:
 • Multiple myeloma & Acute leukemia (plasma cells
Hyperammonemia - Differential ... unmasked by: - Seizure ... Hyperammonemia #ammonia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Creatine Kinase - Causes of Elevated CK Levels
Acute CK Elevation (Pain > Weakness):
 • RHABDOMYOLYSIS
alcohol - Medications ... strep) - Seizures ... immobility • Critical ... deficiency - Medications ... #Elevated #CK #differential
Differential Diagnosis: New-Onset Seizure in the Elderly

STRUCTURAL:
 • Stroke/TIA, Subdural hematoma, mass
 • Traumatic Brain Injury
Differential Diagnosis ... : New-Onset Seizure ... withdrawal • Medication ... Seizure Mimics: ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
#hyperkalemia #differential ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... pharmacology #potassium #medications