7 results
Causes of Ischemic Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Important to determine and treat the etiology behind because
• Arrhythmias: Afib ... * • Valvular: Mitral ... stenosis, Prosthetic ... valve • Endocarditis ... Structural: myxoma, thrombus
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
Primary and Secondary ... Causes of Mitral ... Regurgitation Primary ... Ring fracture, Thrombus ... diagnosis #cardiology #causes
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... stenosis Rheumatic ... disease Infective endocarditis ... myxoma)/ball valve thrombus ... #stenosis #Causes
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... of primary mitral ... stenosis - Infective ... /marantic endocarditis ... #Causes #Primary
Hemoptysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Massive Hemoptysis: >150-300 mL in 24h
Airway disease: 
 • Bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Malignancy
• Malignancy: Primary ... • Valvular (Mitral ... stenosis or regurgitation ... , Tricuspid endocarditis ... Diagnosis #pulmonary #causes
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
(< 5% pts with afibb ... TEE to exclude thrombus ... Moderate or severe mitral ... stenosis • Mechanical ... #diagnosis #management
Chagas Disease - American Trypanosomiasis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) is an infectious
Diagnosis and Management ... infectious disease caused ... ventricular aneurysm), mural ... thrombi (→stroke ... cruzi Treatment - Primary