32 results
Differential diagnosis of schistocytes / fragmentation hemolysis:
 • Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA)
    - TTP
Differential diagnosis ... syndrome (ST-HUS ... organ or stem cell ... anemia" • HELLP ... #hematology #hemolysis
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Diagnostic Framework ... anemia): ... uremic syndrome ... ) (e.g. lupus, CLL ... #hematology #anemia
Common RBC Inclusions and Associations
 • Howell Jolly Bodies: Hyposplenism, Asplenism, Severe hemolytic anemia
 • Heinz
, Hemolytic anemia ... Thalassemia, Sickle cell ... , MDS #RBC #Inclusions ... #Bodies #diagnosis ... #hematology
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
(MD) - Diagnosis ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... #MDS #Diagnosis ... Management #treatment #hematology ... #oncology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas
 • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
Myelodysplastic syndrome ... spherocytosis, Hemolytic ... uremic syndrome ... Morphology #Atlas #key #diagnosis ... #differential #hematology
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
→ Refer to hematology ... blood loss, Acute hemolysis ... , deficiency anemia ... Kawasaki, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Algorithm #hematology
VEXAS (Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic) Syndrome
Clinical Syndrome:
 • Common Clinical Features: alveolitis, ear and
nose chondritis, skin ... vasculitis • Hematologic ... Abnormalities: macrocytic anemia ... (12%) • giant cell ... Autoinflammatory #Somatic #rheumatology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Liver Disease, MDS ... Microangiopathic Hemolytic ... Cold autoimmune hemolytic ... #differential #diagnosis ... #hematology #microscopy
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
- infiltrates (anemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... -> Invade Skin: ... #Leukemia #Hematology ... #Oncology #Diagnosis
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis
Secondary Thrombocytosis (a.k.a Reactive Thrombocytosis):
 • Acute infection
 • Solid organ
malignancies • Anemia ... iron deficiency, hemolysis ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... myeloid leukemia (CML ... #Causes #hematology