28 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis ... repeat testing • Acute ... glomerular bleeding (proteinuria ... → Refer to Nephrology ... Workup #urology #blood
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... - Classification ... tubular necrosis (causes ... : sepsis, meds, ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
RBC casts in urine ... Proteinuria often ... Nephrotic #Syndromes #Classification ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
Acute Kidney Injury ... Glomerular (red blood ... cells/proteinuria ... treating underlying cause ... #Kidney #Injury
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... and Differential Diagnosis ... Investigations: full blood ... osmolarity If cause ... #nephrology #causes
Albuminuria (Grades) and Risk for CKD
Normal to mildly increased albuminuria:
 - Albumin excretion rate: < 30
of progressive kidney ... : - Urine total ... Albuminuria #Grades #classification ... #CKD #nephrology ... #diagnosis #proteinuria
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Recovery from Acute ... #Polyuria #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... • 1ml blood/liter ... - Proteinuria ... #nephrology #renal ... #urine #blood
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... are seen in acute ... broad - Advanced kidney ... Differential #Microscopy #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
proteins, documenting proteinuria ... • Red blood cells ... : • White blood ... Acute Kidney Injury ... Acute Tubular Necrosis