36 results
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... sediment - WBC/ ... RBC casts ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
WBCs, or urine ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified ... Workup #urology #blood
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... #urology #nephrology ... blood
RBC Casts on Urine Microscopy

Dr. Telma Lemos @TELMALEMOS10

#RBC #Casts #Urine #Microscopy #clinical #nephrology
RBC Casts on Urine ... TELMALEMOS10 #RBC ... #Casts #Urine # ... Microscopy #clinical ... #nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... glomerular hematuria (RBC ... casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... : • RBC Casts - ... glomerulonephritis • WBC ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Investigations: full blood ... osmolarity If cause ... investigations depending on clinical ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Rouleaux in urine sediment - Urine Microscopy
Rouleaux in urine sediment. As the finding in the blood
Rouleaux in urine ... finding in the blood ... smears, it is caused ... sediment #Microscopy #clinical ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... losses: • High Blood ... • Low/Normal Blood ... differential #potassium #nephrology