14 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
hematuria and/or proteinuria ... /nephritic syndromes ... casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... #Diagnosis
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Nephrotic Syndromes ... RBC casts in urine ... severe cases ... #Nephrotic #Syndromes ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Acute Interstitial Nephritis ... casts, eosinophiluria ... , granular casts ... #Interstitial #Nephritis ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... castsDiagnostic ... - Proteinuria ... #nephrology #renal ... #urine #blood
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of nephrotic ... • RBC Casts - ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Algorithm Red blood ... cells on urine ... casts) - Isolated ... • Hereditary nephritis ... and >3.5g/day (nephrotic
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... heme-granular casts ... tubulointerstitial nephritis ... Fatty - Nephrotic ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
WBCs, or urine ... • Evidence of glomerular ... bleeding (proteinuria ... , RBC casts, dysmorphic ... for renal biopsy
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
cell/white cell casts ... In each diagnosis ... because nephritic ... #glomerular #proteinuria ... #nephrotic #syndrome
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
GN • Active Urine ... , RBC casts, +/- ... proteinuria) ... glomerulopathy, radiation nephritis ... #diagnosis #renal