9 results
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... tubulointerstitial nephritis ... Fatty - Nephrotic ... #Casts #Differential ... #Microscopy #Diagnosis
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... #nephrology #casts
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
volume deficiency, Diuretics ... INTRINSIC: - Glomerular ... white blood cell casts ... tubular cell casts ... or pigmented casts
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... castsDiagnostic ... #Diagnosis #causes ... #urology #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... Diagnosis Baseline ... dipstick, urine microscopy ... • Interstitial nephritis ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... Epithelial cell casts ... polyangiitis /microscopic ... Interstitial Nephritis ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
obstruction, Nephrotoxic ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... for WBCs, RBCs, ... casts, crystals ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
kidney disease, and nephrotic ... kidney disease, and nephrotic ... Kidney stones caused ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology