11 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... • “Muddy brown cast ... tubular injury • Crystals ... - Some crystals ... individuals; “abnormal” crystals
Causes of Dysuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pyuria - Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy
 - Bacteriuria & Hematuria -
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Pyuria - Leukocytes ... Bacteriuria & Hematuria ... Pyelonephritis - WBC Casts ... Bacteriuria & No Hematuria
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
• Ketones • Leukocyte ... • Urinary casts ... #Urinalysis #crystals ... #urine #UNa #casts ... #glucosuria #hematuria
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient has hematuria ... have glomerular hematuria ... (RBC casts or dysmorphic ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... of Macroscopic Hematuria ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... #IM #Urology #Hematuria ... #Differential #Algorithm
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Algorithmic Approach ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... eosinophiluria, microscopic hematuria ... proteinuria, granular casts ... Nephritis #AIN #Algorithm
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... and Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Confirm hematuria ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... ) - Isolated Hematuria ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Epithelial cell casts ... Obstruction • Cast ... myeloma) • Urate crystals ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Urine Microscopy - Urinary Sediment Examination Instructions
Preparation of the urine for microscopic examination:
 • Clean catch
protein, blood or leukocyte ... up by cells or casts ... Ill stain) and crystals ... RBC's, lipids, crystals ... protein matrix of casts