19 results
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Bacteria, yeast and parasites ... (infections) ... • Urinary casts ... #urine #UNa #casts ... #glucosuria #hematuria
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Acute Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Are the following present?
   1.
Fecal leukocytes ... Ova and parasite ... HIV infection or ... Fecal leukocyte ... Bloody diarrhea, fever
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
Malaise, bleeding, infections ... Headaches, bone pain, fever ... pain, bleeding, infections ... Neutrophils • Immature/Myeloblasts ... Lymphadenopathy • HSM • Fevers
Evaluation of Leukocytosis:
The term 'leukocyte' applies to any cells within the myeloblast, monoblast, & lymphoid lineages.
Include
Leukocytosis: The term 'leukocyte ... cells within the myeloblast ... neutropenia: typhoid fever ... , rickettsia infections ... precursor cells to leukocytes
Bandemia Overview

Normal: < 1%
Clinically significant: > 10%

Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
peripheral blood leukocytes ... on the left Myeloblast ... predictive of a serious infection ... overlook severe infections ... tachycardia or fever
Cyclosporiasis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Pathogen: 
 • Cyclospora cayetanensis
 • Foodborne, waterbone, and soil-transmitted.
 •
intracellular parasite ... • Unsporulated cysts ... transmission as zoonotic infection ... diarrhea, Low-grade fever ... #microbiology #infectiousdiseases
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Lung Infections ... reported in 100% of cases ... possible in HIV PARASITIC ... Microsporidium #Lung #Infections ... differential #diagnosis #infectiousdiseases
Soil Related Infections - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Mechanism Of Infection:
 • Wound
 • GI: Ingestion, MUD, Contaminated
Soil Related Infections ... jejuni • NTM Parasites ... dyspnea, possible fever ... Coccidioidomycosis ("Valley Fever ... differential #diagnosis #InfectiousDiseases
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
CNS Infection in ... present in 15% of cases ... • Symptoms: Fever ... • Symptoms: Fever ... opportunistic #InfectiousDiseases
Capnocytophaga
Pathogen: Capnocytophaga
 • 9 species, C. canimorsus responsible for the majority of infections
 • Gram-negative rod,
the majority of infections ... flora of healthy cats ... • Cellulitis: Fever ... microbiology #zoonotic #infectiousdiseases