13 results
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
salicylate toxicity causes ... ketoacidosis Renal ... acids in advanced renal ... Ketoacidosis - diabetic ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Causes of Chronic ... Family history, ultrasound ... Proteinuria) • Diabetes ... ) • Multiple myeloma ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of ... Acquired - Primary renal ... Obstructive uropathy, Metabolic ... causes (e.g., hypokalemia ... #Types #Nephrology
Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift:
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 • Tumor Lysis
 • Metabolic or Respiratory Acidosis
Tumor Lysis • Metabolic ... PO4 < 20%: • Renal ... : • Multiple Myeloma ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
• Acute Myeloid ... Hyperparathyroidism • Diabetic ... acidosis - Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypercalcemia Vitamin D metabolic ... malignancies • Multiple myeloma ... breast, lung, renal ... #endocrinology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
salicylates) R Renal ... Ketoacidosis (starvation, diabetic ... - Diarrhea - Renal ... acidosis/Chronic renal ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... Renal acidosis ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic ... #nephrology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... patient has good renal ... Due to neuronal metabolism ... pathophysiology #endocrinology ... #diabetes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
(Uncontrolled diabetes ... infusions) - Metabolic ... deficiency • Renal ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology