10 results
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Causes of Chronic ... Family history, ultrasound ... Proteinuria) • Diabetes ... ) • Multiple myeloma ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Myeloid Leukemia ... Hyperparathyroidism • Diabetic ... • Chronic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of ... Acquired - Primary renal ... Obstructive uropathy, Metabolic ... causes (e.g., hypokalemia ... #Types #Nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... Ketoacidosis (starvation, diabetic ... - Diarrhea - Renal ... renal failure ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... patient has good renal ... Due to neuronal metabolism ... confusion coma #DiabeticKetoacidosis ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypercalcemia Vitamin D metabolic ... malignancies • Multiple myeloma ... Pheochromocytoma Chronic ... #endocrinology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... failure (acute and chronic ... Chronic progressive ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... resistance • Metabolic ... Kidney stones caused ... Inhibitors of Renal ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
trauma - Ischemic colonic ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... infusions) - Metabolic ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
trauma - Ischemic colonic ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... infusions) - Metabolic ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology