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diagnosis differential algorithm high potassium acidosis aniongap chronic ckd diabeticketoacidosis diuresis diuretics dka excretion gout hypercalcemia hyperuricemia insipidus kidneydisease medications
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of ... Acquired - Primary renal ... Obstructive uropathy, Metabolic ... causes (e.g., hypokalemia ... #Types #Nephrology
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Family history, ultrasound ... Proteinuria) • Diabetes ... ) • Multiple myeloma ... Hyperoxaluria • Hypercalcemia ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Primary - Over-production • Increased turnover of nucleotides Primary
Hyperparathyroidism • Diabetic ... acidosis - Renal ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid gland structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism • Parathyroid adenoma • Parathyroid hyperplasia • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Vitamin D metabolic ... malignancies • Multiple myeloma ... breast, lung, renal ... #Causes #endocrinology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... Renal acidosis ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
(Uncontrolled diabetes ... infusions) - Metabolic ... deficiency • Renal ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
(Uncontrolled diabetes ... infusions) - Metabolic ... deficiency • Renal ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... To prevent hypokalemia ... patient has good renal ... Due to neuronal metabolism ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... resistance • Metabolic ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
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