28 results
VEXAS (Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic) Syndrome
Clinical Syndrome:
 • Common Clinical Features: alveolitis, ear and
thromboembolic disease ... vasculitis • Hematologic ... Abnormalities: macrocytic anemia ... cells NEJM Review ... Autoinflammatory #Somatic #rheumatology
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Causes of Anemia ... Formation • Multiple Myeloma ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... • Rule out B12 and ... #Causes #Hematology
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
Overall Approach ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Chronic Bleed - Any ... Disease • Marrow ... #Causes #Hematology
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
Approach to Thrombocytosis ... → Refer to hematology ... hemolysis, deficiency anemia ... Kawasaki, Nephrotic syndrome ... #hematology
Multiple Myeloma and Monoclonal Gammopathies
C - HyperCalcemia- calcium > 11 mg/dL / >1 mg/dL the ULN
R
Multiple Myeloma ... 40 ml/min A - Anemia ... plasmacytoma, POEMs syndrome ... MGUS #diagnosis #hematology ... #oncology
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
(Morphological Approach ... chronic kidney disease ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #hematology
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Management Summary myelo ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... Management #treatment #hematology ... #oncology
Causes of Localized Lymphadenopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cervical:
 - Anterior
     • Infection
Causes of Localized ... • Kikuchi Disease ... Epitrochlear (Always pathologic ... #Causes #Hematology ... #Oncology
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
- Hemolytic anemia ... Kasabach-Merritt syndrome ... Gardner-Diamond syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology ... #rheumatology #
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... ) - HELLP syndrome ... , Copper and lead ... differential #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia