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Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
• Symptoms and signs ... /paralysis - Weakness ... - Radiation myelopathy ... - Radiation myelopathy ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome
Myelopathy - Injury to the entire spinal cord - Signs and Symptoms
 • Ataxia (early sign)
Myelopathy - Injury ... spinal cord - Signs ... Ataxia (early sign ... • Gross motor weakness ... ) #Myelopathy
Hypothyroidism – symptoms and signs.

Symptoms: 
Tiredness/malaise, 
Weight gain,
Anorexia,
Cold intolerance, 
Poor memory,
Change in appearance, 
Depression, 
Poor libido,
– symptoms and signs ... Myalgia, Muscle weakness ... Signs: Mental ... Carpal timel syndrome ... hypertrophy, Proximal myopathy
Autoimmune Myositis
Necrotizing myopathy is associated with higher CK levels, greater level of muscle weakness, less systemic
level of muscle weakness ... heliotrope rash, Shaw sign ... , holster sign, ... anti-synthetase syndrome ... have significant weakness
Neurological Patterns of Weakness
 • Hemispheric lesion
 • Brainstem lesion
 • Spinal cord lesion
 • Polyneuropathy
Neurological Patterns of Weakness ... Polyneuropathy • Myopathy ... Neurology #Patterns #Weakness
Myositis and Myopathies
Polymyositis 
 • Progressive, symmetric muscle weakness 
 • Elevated CK, +Anti-Jo, +Anti-Mi2
Dermatomyositis
symmetric muscle weakness ... symmetric muscle weakness ... Fever, No muscle weakness ... asymmetric muscle weakness ... Proximal muscle weakness
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
• Acute stroke syndromes ... Paraneoplastic syndrome ... Lambert-Eaton - Isaacs' syndrome ... Lack of UMN/LMN signs ... Myopathy:
Myositis and Myopathies
#ESR #CK #Differential diagnosis of myopathy 
#Inflammatory #myopathies	#Dermatomyositis	
#muscle weakness
#Polymyositis	
#Inclusion body myositis
#Polymyalgia rheumatica	
#Fibromyalgia	
#Hypothyroid myopathy	
#Muscle stiffness
#Drug-induced
Differential diagnosis of myopathy ... Dermatomyositis #muscle weakness ... #Hypothyroid myopathy ... Statin-induced myopathy ... Cocaine-induced myopathy
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
80%) - Proximal Weakness ... 10%) - Proximal Weakness ... femoral heads • Myopathy ... pathophysiology #signs
Statin Induced Muscle Toxicity - Summary

Clinical Presentation:
 • Elevations of serum creatine kinase with proximal myalgia
proximal myalgia and weakness ... symmetric muscle weakness ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... antisynthetase syndrome ... Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome