13 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... #differential #
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... hypomagnesemia), Eating disorders ... Villous adenoma Renal ... ), Primary hyperaldosteronism ... #Causes #differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... secreting tumor, Primary ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... High Al, Low R - Primary ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... Algorithm #nephrology #causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... poisoning • Normal acid-base ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... • Lower uric acid ... Lymphoproliferative Disorders ... Cyclosporine • Diuretics ... endocrinology #causes
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... LOSS: - Diuresis ... secretion • Acid-base ... components of acid-base ... Hypochloremia #Differential
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Inhibitors of Na+K+2Cl ... Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid ... Kidney stones caused ... insipidus • Primary ... specific bleeding disorders
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... water intake (Primary ... #Hyponatremia #differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... the indicated causes ... Algorithm #nephrology #differential